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//
// Two Frequency Phase Shifting using the Heterodyne Principle
//
// This implementation follows "Reich, Ritter, Thesing, White light heterodyne principle for 3D-measurement", SPIE (1997)
// Different from the paper, it uses only two different frequencies.
//
// The number of periods in the primary frequency can be chosen freely, but small changes can have a considerable impact on quality.
// The number of phase shifts can be chosen freely (min. 3), and higher values reduce the effects of image noise. They also allow us to filter bad points based on energy at non-primary frequencies.
//
#include "AlgorithmPhaseShiftTwoFreq.h"
#include <math.h>
#include "cvtools.h"
#include "algorithmtools.h"
static unsigned int nStepsPrimary = 16; // number of shifts/steps in primary
static unsigned int nStepsSecondary = 8; // number of shifts/steps in secondary
static float nPeriodsPrimary = 40; // primary period
AlgorithmPhaseShiftTwoFreq::AlgorithmPhaseShiftTwoFreq(unsigned int _screenCols, unsigned int _screenRows) : Algorithm(_screenCols, _screenRows){
// Set N
N = 2+nStepsPrimary+nStepsSecondary;
// Determine the secondary (wider) period to fulfill the heterodyne condition
float nPeriodsSecondary = nPeriodsPrimary + 1;
// all on pattern
cv::Mat allOn(1, screenCols, CV_8UC3, cv::Scalar::all(255));
patterns.push_back(allOn);
// all off pattern
cv::Mat allOff(1, screenCols, CV_8UC3, cv::Scalar::all(0));
patterns.push_back(allOff);
// Primary encoding patterns
for(unsigned int i=0; i<nStepsPrimary; i++){
float phase = 2.0*CV_PI/nStepsPrimary * i;
float pitch = screenCols/nPeriodsPrimary;
cv::Mat patternI(1,1,CV_8U);
patternI = computePhaseVector(screenCols, phase, pitch);
patterns.push_back(patternI.t());
}
// Secondary encoding patterns
for(unsigned int i=0; i<nStepsSecondary; i++){
float phase = 2.0*CV_PI/nStepsSecondary * i;
float pitch = screenCols/nPeriodsSecondary;
cv::Mat patternI(1,1,CV_8U);
patternI = computePhaseVector(screenCols, phase, pitch);
patterns.push_back(patternI.t());
}
}
cv::Mat AlgorithmPhaseShiftTwoFreq::getEncodingPattern(unsigned int depth){
return patterns[depth];
}
void AlgorithmPhaseShiftTwoFreq::get3DPoints(const SMCalibrationParameters & calibration, const std::vector<cv::Mat>& frames0, const std::vector<cv::Mat>& frames1, std::vector<cv::Point3f>& Q, std::vector<cv::Vec3b>& color){
assert(frames0.size() == N);
assert(frames1.size() == N);
cv::Mat map0X, map0Y, map1X, map1Y;
cv::Mat R0, P0, P1;
{
int frameRows = frames0[0].rows;
int frameCols = frames0[0].cols;
// Rectifying homographies (rotation+projections)
cv::Size frameSize(frameCols, frameRows);
cv::Mat R, T;
// stereoRectify segfaults unless R is double precision
cv::Mat(calibration.R1).convertTo(R, CV_64F);
cv::Mat(calibration.T1).convertTo(T, CV_64F);
cv::Mat R1, QRect;
cv::stereoRectify(calibration.K0, calibration.k0, calibration.K1, calibration.k1, frameSize, R, T, R0, R1, P0, P1, QRect, 0);
// Interpolation maps (lens distortion and rectification)
cv::initUndistortRectifyMap(calibration.K0, calibration.k0, R0, P0, frameSize, CV_32F, map0X, map0Y);
cv::initUndistortRectifyMap(calibration.K1, calibration.k1, R1, P1, frameSize, CV_32F, map1X, map1Y);
}
int frameRectRows = map0X.rows;
int frameRectCols = map0X.cols;
cv::Mat up0;
cv::Mat occlusion0;
{
// Gray-scale and remap
std::vector<cv::Mat> frames0Rect(N);
for(unsigned int i=0; i<N; i++){
cv::Mat temp;
cv::cvtColor(frames0[i], temp, CV_BayerBG2GRAY);
cv::remap(temp, frames0Rect[i], map0X, map0Y, CV_INTER_LINEAR);
}
// Occlusion masks
cv::subtract(frames0Rect[0], frames0Rect[1], occlusion0);
occlusion0 = (occlusion0 > 25) & (occlusion0 < 250);
// Decode camera0
std::vector<cv::Mat> frames0Primary(frames0Rect.begin()+2, frames0Rect.begin()+2+nStepsPrimary);
std::vector<cv::Mat> frames0Secondary(frames0Rect.begin()+2+nStepsPrimary, frames0Rect.end());
frames0Rect.clear();
std::vector<cv::Mat> F0Primary = getDFTComponents(frames0Primary);
frames0Primary.clear();
cv::Mat up0Primary;
cv::phase(F0Primary[2], -F0Primary[3], up0Primary);
std::vector<cv::Mat> F0Secondary = getDFTComponents(frames0Secondary);
frames0Secondary.clear();
cv::Mat up0Secondary;
cv::phase(F0Secondary[2], -F0Secondary[3], up0Secondary);
cv::Mat up0Equivalent = up0Secondary - up0Primary;
up0Equivalent = cvtools::modulo(up0Equivalent, 2.0*CV_PI);
up0 = unwrapWithCue(up0Primary, up0Equivalent, nPeriodsPrimary);
up0 *= screenCols/(2.0*CV_PI);
// Signal energy at unit frequency
cv::Mat amplitude0Primary, amplitude0Secondary;
cv::magnitude(F0Primary[2], -F0Primary[3], amplitude0Primary);
cv::magnitude(F0Secondary[2], -F0Secondary[3], amplitude0Secondary);
// Collected signal energy at higher frequencies
cv::Mat energy0Primary(frameRectRows, frameRectCols, CV_32F, cv::Scalar(0.0));
for(unsigned int i=0; i<nStepsPrimary-1; i++){
cv::Mat magnitude;
cv::magnitude(F0Primary[i*2 + 2], F0Primary[i*2 + 3], magnitude);
cv::add(energy0Primary, magnitude, energy0Primary, cv::noArray(), CV_32F);
}
cv::Mat energy0Secondary(frameRectRows, frameRectCols, CV_32F, cv::Scalar(0.0));
for(unsigned int i=0; i<nStepsSecondary-1; i++){
cv::Mat magnitude;
cv::magnitude(F0Secondary[i*2 + 2], F0Secondary[i*2 + 3], magnitude);
cv::add(energy0Secondary, magnitude, energy0Secondary, cv::noArray(), CV_32F);
}
// Threshold on energy at primary frequency
occlusion0 = occlusion0 & (amplitude0Primary > 5.0*nStepsPrimary);
// Threshold on energy ratios
occlusion0 = occlusion0 & (amplitude0Primary > 0.25*energy0Primary);
occlusion0 = occlusion0 & (amplitude0Secondary > 0.25*energy0Secondary);
#ifdef SM_DEBUG
cvtools::writeMat(up0Primary, "up0Primary.mat", "up0Primary");
cvtools::writeMat(up0Secondary, "up0Secondary.mat", "up0Secondary");
cvtools::writeMat(up0Equivalent, "up0Equivalent.mat", "up0Equivalent");
cvtools::writeMat(up0, "up0.mat", "up0");
cvtools::writeMat(amplitude0Primary, "amplitude0Primary.mat", "amplitude0Primary");
cvtools::writeMat(energy0Primary, "energy0Primary.mat", "energy0Primary");
cvtools::writeMat(energy0Secondary, "energy0Secondary.mat", "energy0Secondary");
#endif
}
cv::Mat up1;
cv::Mat occlusion1;
{
// Gray-scale and remap
std::vector<cv::Mat> frames1Rect(N);
for(unsigned int i=0; i<N; i++){
cv::Mat temp;
cv::cvtColor(frames1[i], temp, CV_BayerBG2GRAY);
cv::remap(temp, frames1Rect[i], map1X, map1Y, CV_INTER_LINEAR);
}
// Occlusion masks
cv::subtract(frames1Rect[0], frames1Rect[1], occlusion1);
occlusion1 = (occlusion1 > 25) & (occlusion1 < 250);
// Decode camera1
std::vector<cv::Mat> frames1Primary(frames1Rect.begin()+2, frames1Rect.begin()+2+nStepsPrimary);
std::vector<cv::Mat> frames1Secondary(frames1Rect.begin()+2+nStepsPrimary, frames1Rect.end());
frames1Rect.clear();
std::vector<cv::Mat> F1Primary = getDFTComponents(frames1Primary);
frames1Primary.clear();
cv::Mat up1Primary;
cv::phase(F1Primary[2], -F1Primary[3], up1Primary);
std::vector<cv::Mat> F1Secondary = getDFTComponents(frames1Secondary);
frames1Secondary.clear();
cv::Mat up1Secondary;
cv::phase(F1Secondary[2], -F1Secondary[3], up1Secondary);
cv::Mat up1Equivalent = up1Secondary - up1Primary;
up1Equivalent = cvtools::modulo(up1Equivalent, 2.0*CV_PI);
up1 = unwrapWithCue(up1Primary, up1Equivalent, nPeriodsPrimary);
up1 *= screenCols/(2.0*CV_PI);
// Signal energy at unit frequency
cv::Mat amplitude1Primary, amplitude1Secondary;
cv::magnitude(F1Primary[2], -F1Primary[3], amplitude1Primary);
cv::magnitude(F1Secondary[2], -F1Secondary[3], amplitude1Secondary);
// Collected signal energy at higher frequencies
cv::Mat energy1Primary(frameRectRows, frameRectCols, CV_32F, cv::Scalar(0.0));
for(unsigned int i=0; i<nStepsPrimary-1; i++){
cv::Mat magnitude;
cv::magnitude(F1Primary[i*2 + 2], F1Primary[i*2 + 3], magnitude);
cv::add(energy1Primary, magnitude, energy1Primary, cv::noArray(), CV_32F);
}
cv::Mat energy1Secondary(frameRectRows, frameRectCols, CV_32F, cv::Scalar(0.0));
for(unsigned int i=0; i<nStepsSecondary-1; i++){
cv::Mat magnitude;
cv::magnitude(F1Secondary[i*2 + 2], F1Secondary[i*2 + 3], magnitude);
cv::add(energy1Secondary, magnitude, energy1Secondary, cv::noArray(), CV_32F);
}
// Threshold on energy at primary frequency
occlusion1 = occlusion1 & (amplitude1Primary > 5.0*nStepsPrimary);
// Threshold on energy ratios
occlusion1 = occlusion1 & (amplitude1Primary > 0.25*energy1Primary);
occlusion1 = occlusion1 & (amplitude1Secondary > 0.25*energy1Secondary);
#ifdef SM_DEBUG
cvtools::writeMat(up1, "up1.mat", "up1");
#endif
}
// // Erode occlusion masks
// cv::Mat strel = cv::getStructuringElement(cv::MORPH_ELLIPSE, cv::Size(5,5));
// cv::erode(occlusion0, occlusion0, strel);
// cv::erode(occlusion1, occlusion1, strel);
{
// Threshold on gradient of phase
cv::Mat edges0;
cv::Sobel(up0, edges0, -1, 1, 1, 5);
occlusion0 = occlusion0 & (abs(edges0) < 10);
cv::Mat edges1;
cv::Sobel(up1, edges1, -1, 1, 1, 5);
occlusion1 = occlusion1 & (abs(edges1) < 10);
#ifdef SM_DEBUG
cvtools::writeMat(edges0, "edges0.mat", "edges0");
cvtools::writeMat(edges1, "edges1.mat", "edges1");
cvtools::writeMat(occlusion0, "occlusion0.mat", "occlusion0");
cvtools::writeMat(occlusion1, "occlusion1.mat", "occlusion1");
#endif
}
// Match phase maps
// camera0 against camera1
std::vector<cv::Vec2f> q0, q1;
for(int row=0; row<frameRectRows; row++){
for(int col=0; col<frameRectCols; col++){
if(!occlusion0.at<char>(row,col))
continue;
float up0i = up0.at<float>(row,col);
for(int col1=0; col1<up1.cols-1; col1++){
if(!occlusion1.at<char>(row,col1) || !occlusion1.at<char>(row,col1+1))
continue;
float up1Left = up1.at<float>(row,col1);
float up1Right = up1.at<float>(row,col1+1);
if((up1Left <= up0i) && (up0i <= up1Right) && (up0i-up1Left < 1.0) && (up1Right-up0i < 1.0) && (up1Right-up1Left > 0.1)){
float col1i = col1 + (up0i-up1Left)/(up1Right-up1Left);
q0.push_back(cv::Point2f(col, row));
q1.push_back(cv::Point2f(col1i, row));
break;
}
}
}
}
int nMatches = q0.size();
if(nMatches < 1){
Q.resize(0);
color.resize(0);
return;
}
{
// color debayer and remap
cv::Mat color0, color1;
cv::cvtColor(frames0[0], color0, CV_BayerBG2RGB);
cv::remap(color0, color0, map0X, map0Y, CV_INTER_LINEAR);
cv::cvtColor(frames1[0], color1, CV_BayerBG2RGB);
cv::remap(color1, color1, map1X, map1Y, CV_INTER_LINEAR);
#ifdef SM_DEBUG
cvtools::writeMat(color0, "color0.mat", "color0");
cvtools::writeMat(color1, "color1.mat", "color1");
#endif
// Retrieve color information
color.resize(nMatches);
for(int i=0; i<nMatches; i++){
cv::Vec3b c0 = color0.at<cv::Vec3b>(q0[i][1], q0[i][0]);
cv::Vec3b c1 = color1.at<cv::Vec3b>(q1[i][1], q1[i][0]);
color[i] = 0.5*c0 + 0.5*c1;
}
}
// Triangulate points
cv::Mat QMatHomogenous, QMat;
cv::triangulatePoints(P0, P1, q0, q1, QMatHomogenous);
cvtools::convertMatFromHomogeneous(QMatHomogenous, QMat);
// Undo rectification
cv::Mat R0Inv;
cv::Mat(R0.t()).convertTo(R0Inv, CV_32F);
QMat = R0Inv*QMat;
cvtools::matToPoints3f(QMat, Q);
}